History of Pakistan is a brief description of events that have occurred in the nation. There have been several socio-political conflicts across the nation. These conflicts have been shaping the history of Pakistan. Pakistan was divided into various provinces during its formation. All the provinces got to develop along the same political ideologies but a war put to an end to all the development and by 1971, the nation achieved a relatively stable form of . It led to the independence of Pakistan on August 16, 1947.
During 1947-1951, several conflicts shook Pakistan where members from different sectors fought for national interests. It is reported that Muslims and Hindus in Punjab dominated by the army did not support partition of the country where the Punjab was formed into three separate states—Pakistan, India and British Indian Punjab.
In this matter, a Muslim prince requested the government to create a special partition of the country which was not accepted. To protect the interests of Muslims, the prince circulated his own document suggesting that two Muslim states form a separate nation but the government decided against it. Following this, a conflict broke out in Peshawar where many Kashmiri Muslims approached the northern provinces of India who were against the partition of the country.
In this period of uprising, the government declared a law in 1947-1951 for federal Union. The law was later amended but failed to meet the demands of this agitation for greater political power to the provinces. The government wrote a new constitution which allows the province to give their vote on the country’s leadership which was against the wishes of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa people. This contributed to Pakistan’s division into the two provinces. The constitution of Pakistan was amended on January 17, 1960 as follows
Article 31 says that the Union of Pakistan be established with a Union Government as the supreme organ and which dictates the kind of federation and the powers of the government both at . Article 32 states that not more than twenty-five percent of the parliament’s representation is for each province (Pakistan, 1908; Pakistan, 1959). This article is only for the provincial government but the parliament has the power to amend and revoke any laws.
Article 33 states that every province should have as many parliament seats as the population of that province. The government should also provide the provinces with the facilities of health care and pensions. All provincial offices, the assembly and judiciary are located at provincial capitals in Lahore. There is no division of powers between the parliament, provincial and federal government on property rights. The structure of provinces is determined by the division of Pakistan among the provinces that fall under the division of Pakistan. This system ensures political stability and easy coordination of the law enforcement agencies and judiciary. The provincial governments can not enact laws against each other. The basic structure of state ensures political stability and instant functioning of a government. Provincial legislatures are provincial assemblies. The president appoints members from provincial assemblies into the higher judiciary of the state and federal cabinet. The Provincial Councils can take matters of taxation and revenue generation before the Punjab Assembly. Moreover, the provincial legislature ensures financial disbursement to the federal government by setting up Pakistan National Assembly (Pakistan, 1958).
References
Pakistan, 1908. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.pakistan.gov.org.pk/government/history_of_its_young_age.aspx
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, (1999). (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.gov.khyber-kuptukhwa.gov.pk/capital/documents/Current_Page1_IP_3.pdf
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, (2000). (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.gov.khyber-puhtunkhwa.gov.pk/government/current_page1_IP_6.pdf
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